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1 Laval, Carl Gustaf Patrik de
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology, Electricity, Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Steam and internal combustion engines[br]b. 9 May 1845 Orsa, Swedend. 2 February 1913 Stockholm, Sweden[br]Swedish inventor of an advanced cream separator and a steam turbine.[br]Gustaf de Laval was educated at the Stockholm Technical Institute and Uppsala University. He proved to have an unfailing vigour and variety in his inventive talent, for his interests ranged from electric lighting and electrometallurgy to aerodynamics. In the 1890s he employed over one hundred engineers to develop his inventions, but he was best known for two: the cream separator and a steam turbine. In 1877 he invented the high-speed centrifugal cream separator, which was probably the greatest advance in butter-making up to that time. By 1880 the separators were being successfully marketed all over the world, for they were quickly adopted in larger dairies where they effected enormous savings in labour and space. He followed this with various devices for the dairy industry, including a vacuum milking machine perfected in 1913. In c. 1882, de Laval invented a turbine on the principle of Hero's engine, but he quickly turned his attention to the impulse type, which was like Branca's, with a jet of steam impinging on a set of blades around the periphery of a wheel. He applied for a British patent in 1889. The steam was expanded in a single stage from the initial to the final pressure: to secure economy with the steam issuing at high velocity, the blades also had to rotate at high velocity. An early 5 hp (3.7 kW) turbine rotated at 30,000 rpm, so reduction gearing had to be introduced. Production started in Sweden in 1893 and in other countries at about the same time. In 1892 de Laval proposed employing one of his turbines of 15 hp (11 kW) in an experimental launch, but there is no evidence that it was ever actually installed in a vessel. However, his turbines were popular for powering electric generating sets for lighting textile mills and ships, and by 1900 were available in sizes up to 300 bhp (224 kW).[br]Bibliography1889, British patent no. 7,143 (steam turbine).Further ReadingT.Althin, 1943, Life of de Laval, Stockholm (a full biography).T.I.Williams (ed.), 1969, A Biographical Dictionary of Scientists, London: A. \& C. Black (contains a brief biography).R.M.Neilson, 1902, The Steam Turbine, London: Longmans, Green \& Co. (fully covers the development of de Laval's steam turbine).H.W.Dickinson, 1938, A Short History of the Steam Engine, Cambridge University Press (contains a short account of the development of the steam turbine).R.L.Hills, 1989, Power from Steam. A History of the Stationary Steam Engine, Cambridge University Press (contains a short account).RLHBiographical history of technology > Laval, Carl Gustaf Patrik de
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2 Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Clement, JosephDu ShiDu YuGongshu PanLi BingMa JunMurdock, WilliamSomerset, EdwardBiographical history of technology > Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering
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3 Agricultural and food technology
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Jia SixieLi BingSong YingxingTownshend, CharlesWang ZhenXu GuangqiBiographical history of technology > Agricultural and food technology
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4 Electricity
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5 Steam and internal combustion engines
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Giffard, Baptiste Henry JacquesHamilton, Harold LeePorta, Giovanni Battista dellaBiographical history of technology > Steam and internal combustion engines
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Laval, Carl Gustaf Patrik de — born May 9, 1845, Blasenborg, Swed. died Feb. 2, 1913, Stockholm Swedish scientist, engineer, and inventor. Laval built his first impulse steam turbine in 1882. Further advances followed, including a reversible turbine for marine use. A Laval… … Universalium
Laval, Carl Gustaf Patrik de — (9 may. 1845, Blasenborg, Suecia–2 feb. 1913, Estocolmo). Científico, ingeniero e inventor sueco. Construyó su primera turbina de impulso a vapor en 1882. Prosiguió con otros proyectos, como una turbina reversible para uso marino. Una de sus… … Enciclopedia Universal
Carl Gustav Patrik de Laval — Carl Gustaf Patrik de Laval Laval Turbine im Deutschen Museum, München … Deutsch Wikipedia
Gustaf de Laval — Carl Gustaf Patrik de Laval Laval Turbine im Deutschen Museum, München … Deutsch Wikipedia
Gustaf De Laval — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Laval. Gustaf de Laval Carl Gustaf Patrik de Laval, né le 9 mai 1845 à … Wikipédia en Français
Gustaf de laval — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Laval. Gustaf de Laval Carl Gustaf Patrik de Laval, né le 9 mai 1845 à … Wikipédia en Français
Gustaf — [goos′täf] 1. Gustaf V 1858 1950; king of Sweden (1907 50): also called Gustav (or Gustavus) V 2. Gustaf VI (Adolf) or Gustav (or Gustavus) VI 1882 1973; king of Sweden (1950 73): also called Gustav (or Gustavus) VI or Gustav VI or Gustavus VI *… … Universalium
Laval — Laval, Pierre C. de Canadá, en la prov. de Québec, al NO de Montreal, de la que forma un suburbio; 284 164 h. C. de Francia, cap. del departamento de Mayenne; 50 360 h. * * * (as used in expressions) Hoare Laval, pacto Laval, Carl Gustaf Patrik… … Enciclopedia Universal
Gustaf de Laval — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Laval. Gustaf de Laval Carl Gustaf Patrik de Laval, né le 9 mai 1845 à Orsa dans le Comté de Dalécarlie … Wikipédia en Français
carl — carlish, adj. carlishness, n. /kahrl/, n. 1. Scot. a. a strong, robust fellow, esp. a strong manual laborer. b. a miser; an extremely thrifty person. 2. Archaic. a churl. 3. Obs. a bondman. Also, carle. [bef. 1000 (in compounds; see HOUSECARL);… … Universalium
Carl — /kahrl/, n. a male given name, form of Charles. * * * (as used in expressions) Andre Carl Bach Carl Philipp Emanuel Carl XVI Gustaf Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus Clausewitz Carl Philipp Gottlieb von Correns Carl Erich Cuno Wilhelm Carl Josef Ditters … Universalium
